Raphael Rubinstein writes about lesser known painter Gaston Novelli. "Novelli emerged from the same 1950s Roman art scene that nurtured Twombly and Rauschenberg. Far less gestural than Twombly’s writerly practice, and closer in spirit and form to experimental poetry and Paul Klee, Novelli’s alphabetic paintings are more likely to evoke maps than graffiti-covered walls."  Rubinstein goes on to describe Novelli's shocking experience at the hands of the Nazis and the subsequent effect on his work.